澄清对相对论性原理和协变性的误解

近来有些文章断言,在一个惯性参考系里能量守恒的物理系统,在别的参考系看来能量也一定守恒.实际上这些作者混淆了物理方程式的协变性和相对性原理.本文将澄清这一误解.     

对《关于〈一维圆环上双原子链的马德隆常数〉的解析解》的讨论

本文绘制了一维等距离子晶体的累加法、埃夫琴法和平均值法的各级马德隆常数的曲线.本文推导了二聚化直线离子晶体马德隆常数的求和式,比较了两种解析式的优劣.本文详细地推导了圆环上等距和二聚化离子晶体的马德隆常数的解析式,使读者更易于理解.本文修正了《关于〈一维圆环上双原子链的马德隆常数〉的解析解》的两个笔误,还建议修正二聚化马德隆常数的定义式,使其物理意义更明显.     

Norbornene derivatives from a metal‐free,strain‐promoted cycloaddition reaction: New building blocks for ring‐opening metathesis polymerization reactions

The preparation of new ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) monomers using a 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition between aryl azides and norbornadiene is described. Various norbornenetriazolines, obtained through a solvent‐and catalyst‐free reaction, can subsequently be incorporated into polymer backbones through ROMP reactions. Furthermore, thermal decomposition of the triazoline moiety can allow for further polymer functionalization. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015 , 53, 2357–2362     

On the low-temperature anomalies of specific heat in disordered carbon nanotubes

The low-temperature behavior of the specific heat in disordered nanotubes strongly depends on structure changes and is not explained by the phonon contribution. Expression for electronic specific heat is carried out taking into account the multiple elastic electron scattering on impurities and structural inhomogeneities of short-range order type. The calculated electronic specific heat depends on diameter of nanotube, concentration of impurities, parameters of short-range order (structural heterogeneity) and describes the peculiarities of low-temperature behavior of specific heat observed in disordered CNT.     

基于DIS数字信息化系统对透光物质透光性能的研究

采用DIS数字信息化系统,对不同浓度的蓝墨水溶液在激光光源照射下的透射平均照度及照度分布图像进行实验研究,得到了平均照度值随溶液浓度变化的规律。对不同颜色塑料膜片对白炽灯光源透过照度值及照度分布图像进行实验研究得到及其相关之规律。     

超声筛查早期诊断婴儿发育性髋关节异常的临床管理

目的 了解鄞州区0~6月龄婴儿发育性髋关节异常（developmental dysplasia of hip,DDH）的流行病学特征，探讨DDH 的临床管理模式。方法 由鄞州区妇幼保健机构社区医师和鄞州区第二医院围生医生共同负责完成DDH 的临床初筛工作，可疑或异常者转儿科进一步检查，并予B 超筛查，对不同人群分别进行早期干预、复查、随访及骨盆正位X 线片检查，必要时转小儿骨科治疗。结果 2012 年5 月至2013 年5 月，共6 890 例0~6月龄婴儿进行髋关节B 超筛查，初筛阳性率5.73%（395/6 890），复查阳性率0.59%（34/5729）；月龄越小筛查阳性率越高，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。新生儿及1~3月龄婴儿初筛阳性率高，但复查阳性率明显降低，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；4~6月龄婴儿初筛及复查阳性率差异无统计学意义（P ＞0.05）。结论 鄞州区采取的社区门诊检查- 区医院儿科复查-B 超筛查及转诊治疗的管理模式，可作为基层推进DDH 的早发现和早治疗的有效手段。     

Study of blood collection and sample preparation for analysis of vitamin D and its metabolites by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

The analysis of vitamin D status, with special emphasis on 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, is gaining interest in clinical studies due to the classical and non-classical effects attributed to this prohormone. In this research, the influence of the two steps preceding determination (viz. sample collection and preparation) on the quantitative analysis of vitamin D and its more important metabolites has been studied. Two preparation approaches, deproteination and solid-phase extraction (SPE), have been evaluated in terms of sensitivity to delimit their application, thus establishing that detection of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D cannot be addressed by protein precipitation. Concerning sample collection, serum and plasma reported high accuracy (above 83.3%) for vitamin D and metabolites, while precision, expressed as relative standard deviation, was below 12.9% for all analytes in both samples. Statistical analysis revealed that serum and plasma provided similar physiological levels for vitamin D₃, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ and 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃, while significantly different levels were obtained for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃, always higher in plasma than in serum. Sample collection and treatment have proved to be significant in the analysis of vitamin D and its relevant metabolites.     

Studies on metabolism of total glucosides of paeony from Paeoniae Radix Alba in rats by UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS

Total glucosides of paeony are the active constituents of Paeoniae Radix Alba. In this study, a novel strategy was proposed to find more metabolites and the differences between paeoniflorin, albiflorin and total glucosides of paeony (TGP). This strategy was characterized as follows: firstly, the animals were divided into three groups (paeoniflorin, albiflorin and TGP) to identify the source of TGP metabolites from paeoniflorin or albiflorin; secondly, a generic information‐dependent acquisition scan for the low‐level metabolites was triggered by the multiple mass defect filter and dynamic background subtraction; thirdly, the metabolites were identified with a combination of data‐processing methods including mass defect filtering, neutral loss filtering and product ion filtering; finally, a comparative study was used in the metabolism of paeoniflorin, albiflorin and TGP. Based on the strategy, 18 metabolites of TGP, 10 metabolites of paeoniflorin and 13 metabolites of albiflorin were identified respectively. The results indicated that the hydrolysis, conjugation reaction and oxidization were the major metabolic pathways, and the metabolic sites were the glycosidic linkage, the ester bond and the benzene ring. This study is first to explore the metabolism of TGP, and these findings enhance our understanding of the metabolism and the interactions of paeoniflrin and albiflorin in TGP. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Potts models with magnetic field: Arithmetic,geometry, and computation

We give a sheaf theoretic interpretation of Potts models with external magnetic field, in terms of constructible sheaves and their Euler characteristics. We show that the polynomial countability question for the hypersurfaces defined by the vanishing of the partition function is affected by changes in the magnetic field: elementary examples suffice to see non-polynomially countable cases that become polynomially countable after a perturbation of the magnetic field. The same recursive formula for the Grothendieck classes, under edge-doubling operations, holds as in the case without magnetic field, but the closed formulae for specific examples like banana graphs differ in the presence of magnetic field. We give examples of computation of the Euler characteristic with compact support, for the set of real zeros, and find a similar exponential growth with the size of the graph. This can be viewed as a measure of topological and algorithmic complexity. We also consider the computational complexity question for evaluations of the polynomial, and show both tractable and NP-hard examples, using dynamic programming.     

A super-junction SOI-LDMOS with low resistance electron channel

A novel super-junction LDMOS with low resistance channel(LRC), named LRC-LDMOS based on the silicon-oninsulator(SOI) technology is proposed. The LRC is highly doped on the surface of the drift region, which can significantly reduce the specific on resistance(Ron,sp) in forward conduction. The charge compensation between the LRC, N-pillar,and P-pillar of the super-junction are adjusted to satisfy the charge balance, which can completely deplete the whole drift,thus the breakdown voltage(BV) is enhanced in reverse blocking. The three-dimensional(3 D) simulation results show that the BV and R_(on,sp) of the device can reach 253 V and 15.5 mΩ·cm~2, respectively, and the Baliga's figure of merit(FOM = BV~2/R_(on,sp)) of 4.1 MW/cm~2 is achieved, breaking through the silicon limit.